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Aubusson |
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Aubusson
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| Administration | |
|---|---|
| Country | France |
| Region | Limousin |
| Department | Creuse |
| Arrondissement | Aubusson |
| Canton | Aubusson |
| Intercommunality | Aubusson-Felletin |
| Mayor | Michel Moine |
| Statistics | |
| Elevation | 416–608 m (1,365–1,995 ft) (avg. 512 m/1,680 ft) |
| Land area1 | 19.21 km2 (7.42 sq mi) |
| Population2 | 4,149 (2008) |
| - Density | 216 /km2 (560 /sq mi) |
| INSEE/Postal code | 23008/ 23200 |
| 1 French Land Register data, which excludes lakes, ponds, glaciers > 1 km² (0.386 sq mi or 247 acres) and river estuaries. | |
| 2 Population without double counting: residents of multiple communes (e.g., students and military personnel) only counted once. | |
Aubusson (in Occitan Lo Buçon, formerly Aubuçon) is a commune in the Creuse department in the Limousin region in central France.
Contents |
Aubusson is situated in the southern part of the département, at the confluence of the Creuse River and the Beauze. The route national N141 goes through the town.
Aubusson has existed at least since the Gallo-Roman period.[1] The Camp des Châtres, within the town’s boundaries, for a long time considered a Roman fort, actually dates back a little further, to the Iron Age.
The town was known as Albuciensis in 936 and under the name Albuconis in 1070. The name possibly originates from a name of a man, Albucius [2] Other scholars claim the name is from a Celtic word meaning craggy. In the Middle Ages the town was ruled by viscounts. The vicecomital family also produced a troubadour named Joan d'Aubusson.
Aubusson is well-known for its tapestry and carpets, which have been famous throughout the world since the 14th century. Its origins were born with the arrival of weavers from Flanders, who took refuge in Aubusson around 1580. There is a famous collection of Aubusson tapestries at Vallon-Pont-d'Arc. The style of the tapestries produced has changed through the centuries, from scenes of green landscapes through to hunting scenes. In the 17th Century, the Aubusson and Felletin workshops were given "Royal Appointment" status. A downturn in fortunes came after the French revolution and the arrival of wallpaper. However, tapestry made something of a comeback during the 1930s, with artists such as Cocteau, Dufy, Dali, Braque, Calder and Picasso being invited to Aubusson to express themselves through the medium of wool. Aubusson tapestry still thrives today, preserving a range of traditional skills. In 1983, l’Atelier Raymond Picaud chose Burhan Doğançay's Ribbon Series as a tapestry subjects. Coventry cathedral's famous Christ in Glory tapestry, designed by artist Graham Sutherland, was woven in nearby Felletin. Installed in 1962, this was the world's largest vertical tapestry up until the 1990s.
| Historical populations | ||
|---|---|---|
| Year | Pop. | ±% |
| 1793 | 4,445 | — |
| 1800 | 3,460 | −22.2% |
| 1806 | 3,818 | +10.3% |
| 1821 | 4,251 | +11.3% |
| 1831 | 4,847 | +14.0% |
| 1836 | 5,631 | +16.2% |
| 1841 | 5,092 | −9.6% |
| 1846 | 5,436 | +6.8% |
| 1851 | 5,666 | +4.2% |
| 1856 | 6,061 | +7.0% |
| 1861 | 6,003 | −1.0% |
| 1866 | 6,625 | +10.4% |
| 1872 | 6,427 | −3.0% |
| 1876 | 6,847 | +6.5% |
| 1881 | 6,782 | −0.9% |
| 1886 | 6,723 | −0.9% |
| 1891 | 6,672 | −0.8% |
| 1896 | 6,671 | −0.0% |
| 1901 | 7,067 | +5.9% |
| 1906 | 7,015 | −0.7% |
| 1911 | 7,211 | +2.8% |
| 1921 | 6,485 | −10.1% |
| 1926 | 6,324 | −2.5% |
| 1931 | 6,078 | −3.9% |
| 1936 | 5,830 | −4.1% |
| 1946 | 5,512 | −5.5% |
| 1954 | 5,595 | +1.5% |
| 1962 | 5,669 | +1.3% |
| 1968 | 5,934 | +4.7% |
| 1975 | 6,227 | +4.9% |
| 1982 | 5,710 | −8.3% |
| 1990 | 5,097 | −10.7% |
| 1999 | 4,662 | −8.5% |
| 2008 | 4,149 | −11.0% |
Created in 1981, the museum exhibits nearly 600 years of tapestry creation and production. This rich collection is composed of 17th, 18th and 19th Century tapestries and carpets. As well as works from its own collection, there are also regular exhibitions of tapestries from around the world, showcasing works right up to the present day.
This is a permanent exhibition that is staged in an ancient Creusois house in Aubusson. The interior tells the history and traditions of tapestry as well as showing furniture of the period.
In the medieval period, Aubusson was a vice-county. Its rulers were:
Around 1263/1266 the vice-county was sold to the count of La Marche.
Aubusson is twinned with:
(All French language)